IU study: Screening and treating girls doesn't reduce prevalence of chlamydia in teens

Public release date: 7-Jan-2010 Indiaiversity School of Medicine

High rate of reinfection

INDIANAPOLIS – Frequent testing and treatment of infection does not reduce the prevalence of chlamydia in urban teenage girls, according to a long term study by Indiana University School of Medicine researchers published in the January 1, 2010 issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Despite the fact they were screened every three months and treated when infected, the proportion of infected girls did not change over the course of the study. On entering the study, 10.9 percent of the young women were infected. After 18 months of participation, 10.6 percent were infected; 10.4 percent were infected at the four-year mark.

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ANTIBIOTICS USES

Antibiotics active against fungi are fungistatic or fungicidal. Their mechanisms of action include (1) interaction with the cell membrane, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic components (amphotericin, nystatin); (2) interference with the synthesis of membrane components (ketoconazole, fluconazole); (3) interference with nucleic acid synthesis (5-fluorocytosine); and (4) interference with microtubule assembly (griseofulvin). See also Fungistat and fungicide.

For an antibiotic to be effective, it must first reach the target site of action on or in the microbial cell. It must also reach the body site at which the infective microorganism resides in sufficient concentration, and remain there long enough to exert its effect. The concentration in the body must remain below that which is toxic to the human cells. The effectiveness of an antibiotic also depends on the severity of the infection and the immune system of the body, being significantly reduced when the immune system is impaired. Complete killing or lysis of the microorganism may be required to achieve a successful outcome. See also Immunity.

Antibiotics may be given by injection, orally, or topically. When given orally, they must be absorbed into the body and transported by the blood and extracellular fluids to the site of the infecting organisms. When they are administered topically, such absorption is rarely possible, and the Antibiotics then exert their effect only against those organisms present at the site of application.

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ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics are chemical substances that can inhibit the growth of, and even destroy, harmful microorganisms. They are derived from special microorganisms or other living systems, and are produced on an industrial scale using a fermentation process. Although the principles of antibiotic action were not discovered until the twentieth century, the first known use of Antibiotics was by the Chinese over 2,500 years ago. Today, over 10,000 antibiotic substances have been reported. Currently, Antibiotics represent a multibillion dollar industry that continues to grow each year.

Antibiotics active against bacteria are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal; that is, they either inhibit growth of susceptible organisms or destroy them. On the basis of their mechanism of action, Antibiotics are classified as those that affect bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis, causing loss of viability and often cell lysis (penicillins and cephalosporins, bacitracin, cycloserine, vancomycin); those that act directly on the cell membrane, affecting its barrier function and leading to leakage of intracellular components (polymyxin); those that interfere with protein biosynthesis (chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, erythromycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin); those that affect nucleic acid biosynthesis (rifampicin, novobiocin, quinolones); and those that block specific steps in intermediary metabolism (sulfonamides, trimethoprim). See also Enzyme; Sulfonamide.

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Floxin

¿What is Floxin, Ocuflox?

Floxin, Ocuflox is in a group of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones (flor-o-KWIN-o-lones). Floxin, Ocuflox fights bacteria in the body. Floxin, Ocuflox is used to treat bacterial infections that cause bronchitis, pneumonia, chlamydia, gonorrhea, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and infections of the prostate. Floxin, Ocuflox may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

¿What is the most important information I should know about Floxin, Ocuflox?

Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Floxin, Ocuflox will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Take Floxin, Ocuflox with a full glass of water (8 ounces). Drink several extra glasses of fluid each day to prevent crystals from forming in the urine. Take Floxin, Ocuflox on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Floxin, Ocuflox can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not give this medicine to a child younger than 18 years old. Floxin, Ocuflox may interfere with bone development in a child. There are certain medicines you should not take within the 2 hours before or after you take Floxin, Ocuflox. This includes antacids that contain magnesium or aluminum (Tums or Rolaids), the ulcer medicine sucralfate (Carafate), didanosine (Videx), and vitamin or mineral supplements that contain iron or zinc. Taking these other medicines too close to your dose of Floxin, Ocuflox can make the antibiotic much less effective.

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